Today, almost everyone has heard about DNA analysis from crime shows on television. It’s how the police catch bad guys. But it can also be a way to find good guys. Since the 1990s, the remains of U.S. soldiers have been positively identified through enhanced procedures using mitochondrial DNA, which provides information about maternal lineage. In 2008 and 2009, for instance, the remains of U.S. Vietnam pilots who have been missing in action since the late 1960s and Operation Desert Storm pilots who have been missing since 1991 were positively identified using mitochondrial DNA analysis. The same process is also being used to identify the remains of more
than 250 British and Australian World War I veterans
discovered in a mass grave outside of Fromelles, France,
and to successfully identify remains from conflicts dating
back to the American Civil War. This book helps to unravel
the mysteries of the science of DNA, chromosomes, and
genes, as well as to bring to the forefront current methods
and theories of genetic inquiry.
Humans have long been aware that various plants and
animals seemed to have similarities in form and function
to the “parents.” Ancient peoples used this understanding
in daily life; for example, mating male and female animals
with superior characteristics to create new generations with
improved physical traits. These early observations underlie
a process that many centuries later came to be known
as heredity.
Even into the 18th century ideas were somewhat general
as to the actual process of heredity. Believers in
preformation, the idea that a small, complete “homunculus”
(Latin for “little human”) were battling

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